Bacteriophage literally means bacteria eater, because they infect bacteria and kill them. It means bacteria are host to the bacteriophage. Like other viruses, bacteriophages are obligate parasites. They are made of genetic material surrounded by protein structure. They need a host for the vital molecular processes like replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Once, the virus […]
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What is Pure (Axenic) culture? It is laboratory microbial culture which contains only one specific species of microorganism. Why do we need it? Microorganisms are omnipresent. They are always found as mixed culture where different species of microorganisms live together. By using different techniques, we can isolate the particular microorganism and culture separately obtaining pure
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In central Dogma of life, we have studied that DNA replication, transcription and translation are vital molecular processes. In Eukaryotes, the transcription is followed by messenger RNA processing, where the pre-mRNA is processed to form mature m-RNA. The mature m-RNA not only become functional but also increases the half life time of m-RNA. In m-RNA
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Lymphoid organs are of two types – Primary and Secondary. They are classified based on their function. The Immune system is like an organization of soldiers or police who protects from foreign or unwanted elements. The immune cells (soldiers) constantly patrol and look for foreign invaders. Immunity is defined as the ability of host to
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Dye Reduction tests are used to check the microbial load present in the milk sample. It is convenient and quick to use. AIM:- To carryout Microbiological analysis of milk samples by Dye Reduction Tests. INTRODUCTION:- Milk is one of the important food that is being consumed, utilized and traded across the globe. Milk is composed
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Transcription is the first step for protein synthesis. It is the process by which the m-RNA is synthesized and the information is transferred from nucleus to cytoplasm. Followed by Translation synthesizing polypeptide chain. Introduction – Transcription is the process were RNA is synthesised from DNA with the help of an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP).
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Cloning is a method of producing genetically identical organism that already exist in nature. It is asexual form of reproduction. There is no involvement of male or female gametes. Binary fission is a type of natural cloning. In binary fission, the bacteria produces its clones. Cloning can also be done artificially in the laboratory. There
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Endosymbiosis explains the origin of chloroplast and mitochondria. The life was initiated on earth, around 3.5 billion years ago. The first life form was a single cell. According to the Modern abiogenesis theory of evolution studies and Miller-Urey experiment, the earliest life form was arose from organic compounds (non-living matter). The lipid molecule formed the
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Introduction – Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from DNA, catalysed by a very special enzyme, RNA polymerase (RNAP). The DNA in the gene is used as a template to make a Messenger RNA (mRNA) strand which is done with the help of RNAP. RNAP was Discovered by Samuel B. Weiss and Jerard Hurwitz in
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Alzheimer’s disease is a neuro-degenerative disease in which brain cells stop working or die. This disease destroys the person’s thinking skills and memory. It is mostly commonly observed in mid 60s. It is the cause of 50–70% of cases of dementia. The most common and early symptom is the difficulty in remembering current events. As
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