Bacteriophage literally means bacteria eater, because they infect bacteria and kill them. It means bacteria are host to the bacteriophage. Like other viruses, bacteriophages are obligate parasites. They are made of genetic material surrounded by protein structure. They need a host for the vital molecular processes like replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Once, the virus […]
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What is Pure (Axenic) culture? It is laboratory microbial culture which contains only one specific species of microorganism. Why do we need it? Microorganisms are omnipresent. They are always found as mixed culture where different species of microorganisms live together. By using different techniques, we can isolate the particular microorganism and culture separately obtaining pure
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In central Dogma of life, we have studied that DNA replication, transcription and translation are vital molecular processes. In Eukaryotes, the transcription is followed by messenger RNA processing, where the pre-mRNA is processed to form mature m-RNA. The mature m-RNA not only become functional but also increases the half life time of m-RNA. In m-RNA
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For each chromosome contributed by the sperm there is corresponding chromosome contributed by egg, there was two chromosome of each kind, which together constitute a pair – Thomas Hunt Morgan While teaching, I have observed that students always get confused between the term and meaning of DNA, gene, chromatin, chromosome and relevant terms. Reading this
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Discovery of DNA structure and function is an interesting and fascinating story. Series of great Men and Women have contributed their life and knowledge in decoding the master molecule of life. Let us read it and pay tribute for their contribution. We are very much aware that the structure of DNA was decoded by Watson
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Lymphoid organs are of two types – Primary and Secondary. They are classified based on their function. The Immune system is like an organization of soldiers or police who protects from foreign or unwanted elements. The immune cells (soldiers) constantly patrol and look for foreign invaders. Immunity is defined as the ability of host to
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Dear Subscribers and Readers, We proudly present, the First-of-its-kind Life Sciences Coloring Book! The Coloring Book is an attempt to help students with learning and remembering the key concepts in Biotechnology, Microbiology and Life Sciences. We hope that you will have as much fun in filling it up as we did while creating it. Immerse
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Cloning is a method of producing genetically identical organism that already exist in nature. It is asexual form of reproduction. There is no involvement of male or female gametes. Binary fission is a type of natural cloning. In binary fission, the bacteria produces its clones. Cloning can also be done artificially in the laboratory. There
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Endosymbiosis explains the origin of chloroplast and mitochondria. The life was initiated on earth, around 3.5 billion years ago. The first life form was a single cell. According to the Modern abiogenesis theory of evolution studies and Miller-Urey experiment, the earliest life form was arose from organic compounds (non-living matter). The lipid molecule formed the
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Composition of bacterial cell wall is crucial to understand as it gives shape, rigidity, and support to the cell. Introduction to Composition of Bacterial Cell Wall Bacteria are prokaryotic cell. They are unicellular. They lack membrane bound organelle and Nucleus. The Genetic material is present in the form of nucleoid. The cell’s internal structure and
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